4 types of character arcs

Character arcs are crucial to storytelling, offering readers a chance to witness a character's journey and evolution over the course of a narrative. Four primary types of character arcs exist: the Positive Change Arc, the Negative Change Arc, the Flat Arc, and the Anti-Arc. In this article, we'll delve into each type and explore their respective roles in character development.

The Positive Change Arc

This is the most familiar type of character arc. In the Positive Change Arc, the protagonist starts with a flawed worldview and, through various events and interactions, learns, grows, and positively alters their beliefs. An iconic example is Luke Skywalker from Star Wars who evolves from a farm boy into a mature Jedi knight.

The Negative Change Arc

Contrasting the positive, the Negative Change Arc involves a protagonist who descends into a flawed or negative worldview. Often, these characters realize their mistakes too late, making their journey a cautionary tale. Anakin Skywalker's transformation into Darth Vader in Star Wars is a powerful example of a Negative Change Arc.

The Flat Arc

In a Flat Arc, the character starts with the correct worldview. Their beliefs are tested throughout the story, but they remain firm, influencing others instead of changing themselves. Hermione Granger from the Harry Potter series is an example of a Flat Arc. She maintains her values of friendship, hard work, and justice throughout the series, influencing those around her.

The Anti-Arc

An Anti-Arc involves a protagonist who refuses or fails to change when faced with life-changing events, ending up in the same position as they started. Characters with Anti-Arcs can offer interesting insights into human nature and resistance to change. Edmond Dantès in Alexandre Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo goes through significant trials and tribulations but ultimately does not change his core belief in justice.

The importance of each type

Each type of arc serves a unique purpose. The Positive Change Arc provides hope and inspiration, the Negative Change Arc reveals the consequences of negative behaviour, the Flat Arc showcases the power of steadfast beliefs, and the Anti-Arc defies traditional storytelling norms, often creating complex, unconventional characters.

Crafting memorable character arcs

Balancing different types of character arcs can add depth and variety to your narrative. Match your character arcs with your story's themes and tones for cohesion. Think of Katniss Everdeen's Positive Change Arc in The Hunger Games, in line with the overall theme of rebellion against oppressive authority.

Understanding the four types of character arcs can enrich your storytelling and character development process. Experiment, mix them up, and remember: the best character arcs feel genuine and resonate with readers. Continue to learn, grow, and let your characters do the same.

‍