7 Types of Stories
In literature and cinema, it's often said that there are only seven plot types that all stories fall into. No matter how unique a narrative may seem, the core conflict and structure typically align with one of these classic categories. Here's an overview of the seven types of stories: Overcoming The Monster, Rags To Riches, The Quest, Voyage & Return, Comedy, Tragedy, and Rebirth.
What are the seven types of plot?
In his book “The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories”, Christopher Booker outlined seven story archetypes that all tales fall into. They are:
- Overcoming The Monster
- Rags To Riches
- The Quest
- Voyage & Return
- Comedy
- Tragedy
- Rebirth
Breaking down the seven types of plot
Overcoming The Monster
The "Overcoming The Monster" plot is all about a protagonist facing an evil force or antagonist, often depicted as a monster in a literal or figurative sense. The protagonist must confront and defeat this enemy to restore balance and safety.
This plot type is prevalent in horror, action, and fantasy genres. Classic examples include "Beowulf", "Jaws", "Godzilla", and (more recently, but a modern day classic we like to think) "House of Earth and Blood" (the first novel in the "Crescent City" series).
Three main tropes from 'Overcoming the Monster' stories:
- Evil antagonist
- The hero faces an ordeal
- Order is restored, a curse is lifted
⭐ Deep-dive into 'Overcoming The Monster' plots →
Rags To Riches
In "Rags to Riches" stories, the protagonist begins in a lowly state and achieves a significant transformation through a series of events, often involving wealth, status, or power.
This plot type is common in drama and romance genres. Some well-known examples include "Cinderella," "Slumdog Millionaire," and "The Pursuit of Happyness."
Three main tropes from 'Rags To Riches' stories:
- Humble beginnings
- The hero has a hidden talent
- Personal transformation accompanies a change in circumstances
⭐ Deep-dive into 'Rags To Riches' plots →
The Quest
"The Quest" plot type is about a protagonist's journey towards a specific goal. This journey often involves overcoming obstacles, usually leading the protagonist to personal growth and self-discovery.
This plot is prevalent in fantasy and adventure genres. Classic examples include "The Lord of the Rings," "The Odyssey," and "Indiana Jones" films.
Three main tropes from 'The Quest' stories:
- Precious object or destination
- Narrative is defined by a journey
- Hero(es) receive a reward
⭐ Deep-dive into 'The Quest' plots →
Voyage & Return
"Voyage and Return" stories involve the protagonist embarking on a journey to an unfamiliar world. They face trials and tribulations throughout their journey before ultimately returning home, often changed or enlightened by their experiences.
This type of story can be found across many genres. Examples include "Alice in Wonderland," "The Chronicles of Narnia," and "Back to the Future."
Three main tropes from 'Voyage & Return' stories:
- Hero "falls" into another world
- Thrilling escape or chase
- Hero(es) bring something back with them
⭐ Deep-dive into 'Voyage & Return' plots →
Comedy
"Comedy" plots centre around misunderstandings, mistaken identities, or confusing situations that create humorous scenarios. In these stories, the confusion or conflict is eventually resolved, leading to a happy ending.
This plot type is most common in the comedy genre. Examples include "Much Ado About Nothing," "Bridget Jones's Diary," and "Superbad."
Three main tropes from 'Comedy' stories:
- Misunderstandings/deceptions
- Disguises/mistaken identity
- Happy ending (and celebration)
⭐ Deep-dive into 'Comedy' plots →
Tragedy
"Tragedy" stories focus on the protagonist's downfall due to their fatal flaw or a series of unfortunate events. These narratives often inspire sympathy and contemplation in the audience.
This plot type is common in drama and romance genres. Classic examples include "Romeo and Juliet," "Death of a Salesman," and "Titanic."
Three main tropes from 'Tragedy' stories:
- Tragic hero with a flaw
- Hero tries to fight against fate
- Increasing isolation of hero
⭐ Deep-dive into 'Tragedy' plots →
Rebirth
In "Rebirth" narratives, the protagonist experiences a massive transformation, often spurred by a realization or event that changes their perspective or lifestyle.
This plot type often appears in drama and fantasy genres. Examples include "A Christmas Carol," "Beauty and the Beast," and "Groundhog Day."
Three main tropes from 'Rebirth' stories:
- Presence of a guiding mentor
- The hero reaches their lowest point
- Incorporates seasonal imagery or other imagery symbolising transformation
⭐ Deep-dive into 'Rebirth' plots →
Crafting your narrative tapestry
Understanding these seven basic plot types can serve as a helpful starting point for your story. However, it's important to note that these categories are just guidelines. Many stories blend elements from multiple types, crafting unique narrative experiences. The key to compelling storytelling is how you adapt and innovate on these plot types.
